Black-bellied whistling ducks are unique waterfowl that get their name from their distinctive plumage and vocalizations. Unlike most ducks, they actually perch and nest in trees and nest boxes rather than on the ground. Providing nest boxes is a great way to attract these interesting ducks to your backyard or property.
Choosing a Good Location
Black-bellied whistling ducks prefer to nest near water sources such as ponds, rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Ideal spots to place a nest box include:
- In a tree overhanging the water
- In a tree near the water’s edge
- On a pole mounted in or very near the water
Make sure to face the entrance hole toward the water to give easy access. Pick a location with some cover from trees or vegetation to provide shelter. Avoid busy areas, as the ducks prefer quiet, undisturbed sites.
Nest Box Design
There are several key factors to consider when constructing or selecting a nest box for black-bellied whistling ducks:
- Size – The interior floor dimensions should be at least 12 x 12 inches. Depth should be at least 15 inches.
- Shape – A rectangular or square box works best.
- Entrance hole – The hole should be at least 7 inches across and oval or round in shape. It should be located about 2/3 of the way up the front.
- Construction – Use durable and weatherproof materials like exterior plywood, cedar, cypress, or plastic. Avoid treated lumber.
- Drainage and ventilation – Drill drainage and ventilation holes in the bottom and sides.
The basic construction is simple – just a box with an entrance hole. You can decorate it, add perches or ridges for grip, or leave it plain. Make sure all edges are sanded smooth to prevent injuries.
Step-by-Step Building Instructions
Follow these steps to build a basic nesting box suitable for black-bellied whistling ducks:
- Cut four equal sized pieces of 3/4 inch exterior plywood to 12 x 15 inches to form the sides. Cut one piece to 12 x 12 inches for the bottom.
- On one side piece, measure and cut a 7 inch diameter hole about 8 inches up from the bottom edge. This will form the entrance. Make sure edges are smooth.
- Attach the pieces into a box using exterior wood screws or waterproof glue and nails. Attach the bottom last.
- On the inside of the front piece below the entrance hole, attach a piece of hardware cloth, wire mesh, or wood strip for the ducks to grip when entering.
- Seal outside seams with caulk or silicone sealant to prevent water entry.
- Coat exterior with waterproof stain, paint, or sealer.
- Attach lid or cover securely with hinges to allow checking nest.
- Drill about twelve 1/4 inch holes in bottom and sides for drainage and ventilation.
- Mount box on post near water or in tree about 6-20 feet up using lag screws. Face entrance hole toward water.
You can also find pre-made nest boxes for black-bellied whistling ducks available from some wildlife specialty retailers that follow these design guidelines.
When to Put Up the Nest Box
Black-bellied whistling ducks can be migratory or residential depending on latitude. In more northern parts of their range, they migrate and return to nest in spring. Farther south they may nest year round or have a more extended nesting period. Here are some tips on when to put up a nest box by region:
- Southern Coasts – December to February before breeding season
- Gulf Coast States – January to March
- Southern California – February
- Arizona – March
- Northern Range – April when birds return from migration
It’s a good idea to have the nest box up well before the breeding season gets underway. Check local migration patterns and egg laying dates. Be ready a month or more ahead of time.
Maintenance Tips
Regular maintenance helps ensure your nest box remains safe and usable for many seasons:
- Monitor boxes for signs of use throughout breeding seasons. Watch for nest building.
- Gently clean out old nesting material after chicks fledge each season.
- Make any minor repairs like sealing cracks or replacing hardware.
- Clean the interior with a diluted bleach solution to prevent parasites.
- Consider re-staining or sealing the exterior when it appears weathered.
- Ensure predators like raccoons or snakes cannot access the box.
Avoid any major activity near the nest while the box is occupied to prevent disturbing the ducks. Monitor from a distance instead.
Etiquette for Nest Boxes on Ponds
If installing a nest box on a pond or other shared waterway, be sure to follow proper etiquette:
- Obtain any necessary permits or permissions first.
- Place boxes a reasonable distance apart from others.
- Never disturb or approach occupied boxes.
- Allow other people to also enjoy the ducks from afar.
Proper placement and spacing helps reduce competition between territorial duck pairs. Avoid overcrowding an area with boxes.
Enjoy Your Resident Ducks!
With proper setup and care, your nest box can successfully attract a breeding pair of black-bellied whistling ducks for many years. Enjoy observing their interesting behaviors and listening to their loud, whistling calls throughout the seasons. Share your passion by engaging others and teaching kids about these fascinating waterfowl.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many eggs do black-bellied whistling ducks lay?
A typical clutch contains 10-16 white eggs. The female incubates them for about 28 days before they hatch.
How long do the ducklings stay in the nest?
The ducklings are able to fly at about 55-60 days old. But they may leave the nest box after just 1-2 days while still unable to fly and follow the parents to water.
Do the old nests need to be cleaned out?
Yes, it is important to gently remove old nest material after the breeding season ends. This helps prevent parasites from accumulating in the box.
What predators can threaten nest boxes?
Raccoons, snakes, and rats may try to raid nests. Owls and hawks may take ducklings. Minimize risks by proper placement and maintenance.
Can other duck species use the nest boxes?
Yes, other cavity nesting ducks like hooded mergansers may potentially occupy the boxes.
Do I need a permit for a nest box on public land?
Always check regulations, but generally a permit or authorization is required for public waterways or parks.
How long will the nest boxes last?
A properly constructed and maintained nest box can have a lifespan of 10 years or more.
Conclusion
Installing nest boxes is a great way to support black-bellied whistling duck populations and observe them up close. Follow the guidelines carefully for size, design, placement and maintenance for best results. With some simple effort, you can enjoy the presence of these amazing birds for years to come. Do your part by providing safe and sustainable nesting habitats.