Dove hunting is a popular pastime across many parts of the United States. For those looking to get into dove hunting, one of the first questions that often comes up is what type of shotgun to use. The 410 shotgun is one of the options frequently discussed, but is it a good choice for dove hunting? Here we’ll take an in-depth look at the pros and cons of using a 410 shotgun for dove hunting.
The 410 Shotgun Overview
First, let’s start with a quick overview of what exactly a 410 shotgun is. The 410 refers to the bore diameter of the shotgun barrel, which for a 410 shotgun is .410 inches. It is one of the smallest shotgun gauges commonly available. The 410 is sometimes referred to as a “.410 bore” or simply “.410” shotgun.
Some key characteristics of the 410 shotgun include:
- Lightweight and easy to maneuver – 410 shotguns typically weigh between 5-7 pounds
- Minimal recoil – The small size and low powder charge of a 410 shell produces very minimal kickback
- Used mostly for hunting small game – Squirrels, rabbits, and upland game birds like dove and quail
- Limited ammunition capacity – Most 410 shotguns hold 3-5 shells total
- Less expensive ammunition – 410 shells cost significantly less than 12 or 20 gauge shells
The 410 is well-suited for hunting small, fast moving game that requires quick target acquisition and low recoil. This makes it a potential choice for dove hunting, where quick follow up shots are often required. However, the 410 also has some limitations that need to be considered.
Pros of Using a 410 Shotgun for Dove Hunting
Here are some of the main advantages that a 410 shotgun offers for dove hunting:
Lightweight and Quick Handling
As mentioned previously, 410 shotguns are extremely lightweight and easy to maneuver compared to larger 12 or 20 gauge shotguns. This becomes very important when hunting fast, erratically flying birds like doves where quick target acquisition is critical. The ability to mount the 410 smoothly and get on target rapidly is a major benefit.
Reduced Recoil
The 410 has significantly less recoil than larger shotgun gauges. This helps reduce shooter fatigue over the course of a long day in the dove field. Less recoil also means quicker follow up shots, which is key when dove hunting as opportunities often come in bunches as doves flush in groups or make multiple passes.
Lower Noise
Because the 410 shell contains less powder and shot than larger gauges, it also produces less noise when fired. This can help prevent scaring away other doves in the area before the hunter has time to take additional shots.
Good Ammo Availability
While not as ubiquitous as 12 gauge, 410 ammo is still widely produced by all major ammunition brands. Any hunting/sporting goods store will have 410 shells readily available. There are also a variety of shot sizes and loads suitable for dove hunting produced for the 410.
Child and New Shooter Friendly
The 410 is an excellent choice to introduce a new or young shooter to the sport of dove hunting before moving up to a 20 or 12 gauge. The light weight and mild recoil help new shooters focus on proper gun mount and swing techniques without developing a flinch or fear of recoil.
Cons of Using a 410 Shotgun for Dove Hunting
While the 410 certainly has some advantages, it also comes with some disadvantages that should be considered:
Short Effective Range
The biggest knock against the 410 for dove hunting is its limited effective range. With the smaller shot load and lower velocity, the 410’s useful range is around 25-30 yards maximum. This requires hunters get birds to come in very close, which is not always possible on public land or areas with high hunting pressure.
Minimal Shot Payload
Even 3″ 410 shells only hold approximately 1/2 ounce of #6-#8 size shot. This doesn’t give much room for error on longer range shots. Accuracy and shot placement is critical to cleanly harvest birds.
Only Handles 3-5 Shells
Most 410 shotguns have very low ammunition capacity, holding only 3-5 shells total. This severely limits the number of shots at passing doves before needing to reload. For hunters who prefer to keep blasting away, it can be frustrating.
Not Ideal for Teen/Adult Males
While great for youth and female shooters, the 410 may be too light with too little power for most adult or teenage male hunters. Bigger guys will find the 410 uncomfortable and underpowered. The 12 or 20 gauge is a better choice for larger-framed hunters.
Difficult to Find Semi-Autos
Unlike 12 and 20 gauge shotguns where semi-automatics dominate the market, finding a semi-auto 410 can be difficult or expensive. Most production 410 shotguns are single shots, doubles or pump actions. This again limits the rapid firing ability compared to a 12 or 20 gauge semi-auto.
Best 410 Shotguns for Dove Hunting
If you’ve weighed the pros and cons and decided a 410 may still be the right choice for your needs, here are some of the top shotgun models to consider:
Winchester Model 42
This classic pump action .410 is fast handling, reliable, and holds 5 rounds. Made from 1934-1963, used Models 42s can be found for reasonable prices.
Browning Citori
Browning’s legendary small bore over-under is available in .410 gauge. Built to Browning’s exacting standards for quality and performance.
Remington 870
The versatile Remington 870 pump shotgun is available in .410 bore as well. Simple, reliable, and widely available on the used market.
Henry AR-7
An innovative collapsible and waterproof .410 that Backpackers and hikers can easily carry in their pack.
Winchester Model 42
This classic pump action .410 is fast handling, reliable, and holds 5 rounds. Made from 1934-1963, used Models 42s can be found for reasonable prices.
Tips for Using a .410 Shotgun for Dove Hunting
If you do choose to use a 410 shotgun for your dove hunts this season, keep these tips in mind to get the most out of your 410 and have a successful hunt:
- Use #8 or #9 lead or steel shot – The smaller shot provides more pellets and better pattern density at short ranges
- Aim for head and neck shots – Precision shot placement is key with the 410’s limited payload
- Let birds get in close – Pass on longer shots, only take short range shots inside 25 yards
- Use modified or improved cylinder chokes – These will produce the best patterns up close
- Consider light game loads – 1 oz loads reduce recoil and are lethal at short distances
- Pack extra ammo – Bring more than you expect to shoot to reload easily in the field
- Practice regularly – Develop proficiency hitting moving targets and rapid fire at the range
Conclusion
The 410 shotgun certainly has some advantages for dove hunting. However, it also has some distinct limitations compared to using a 12 or 20 gauge. Hunters need to weigh their own specific needs and preferences to decide if a 410 is the right choice for them. For more casual dove hunters focused on enjoying a day in the field, harvesting a handful of birds, and shooting lighter loads, the 410 may provide the perfect solution. More serious hunters intent on filling daily bag limits would likely be better served with a higher capacity 12 or 20 gauge semi-auto. There is no definitively right or wrong answer here – it comes down to matching your own hunting style and goals with the characteristics of the 410.
