Falconry, the sport of hunting with trained raptors such as falcons and hawks, has a long history in India dating back over 4,000 years. While falconry was once popular with Indian royalty as a means of hunting, today the practice of keeping and training birds of prey is regulated in India.
So can you buy a falcon in India? The short answer is yes, it is legal to purchase falcons in India with the proper permits and licenses. However, the process is highly regulated. This article will provide an overview of the laws surrounding falcon ownership in India, where falcons can be purchased, the different species available, housing and care requirements, and other considerations for owning one of these majestic birds.
Laws and Regulations on Falcon Ownership in India
The primary law governing falcon ownership in India is The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. This Act protects many species of falcons and other birds of prey and designates them as protected species. Under this law, a license is required to legally own a falcon in India.
Specifically, a buyer will need to obtain a Certificate of Ownership from the Chief Wildlife Warden of the state they reside in. This certificate is only issued if the Warden is satisfied that the applicant has adequate facilities to house and care for the bird.
In addition, only captive-bred falcons can be sold and purchased. Taking falcons from the wild is illegal. Falcons are listed under Schedule IV of The Wild Life (Protection) Act, meaning they receive special protections.
The license application involves providing details on the housing facilities, experience handling raptors, and purpose for owning the bird. Those wishing to use the falcon for hunting will need a separate hunting license.
Fines and imprisonment can result from violating these laws. Ongoing inspections of housing facilities may occur after a license is issued. Overall, the process aims to protect both the birds and public safety.
Where to Purchase Falcons in India
Once the proper ownership licenses have been obtained, falcons can be purchased from a few different sources in India:
– Breeders – There are a small number of licensed and regulated falcon breeders in India that sell birds like the peregrine falcon, saker falcon, and gyrfalcon. These captive-bred birds are ideal as they are already accustomed to humans.
– Pet Stores – Some specialized pet stores, particularly those focused on avian species, may have captive-bred falcons for sale. Availability is somewhat limited.
– Falconers – Connecting with seasoned veteran falconers can lead to opportunities to purchase birds as they breed or rotate out of their own personal collections. Joining falconry clubs can help meet knowledgeable individuals.
– Falcon Hospitals – There are a few falcon hospitals and rehabilitation centers in India, such as the Babyl Falcon and Bird Hospital in Uttar Pradesh. They may have recovered birds ready for adoption.
– Online Auctions and Classifieds – Sites like IndiaMart allow sellers across India to list falcons for sale online. This provides more options but extra precautions should be taken to ensure the bird’s health and legal status.
Overall, the best option is to work with reputable, certified breeders that can ensure the bird is legally obtained and socialized. Be wary of sketchy classified ads and always verify licenses.
Species of Falcons Available in India
Many different falcon species are native to India or can be found captive-bred from breeders. Some of the more common types of falcons that can be purchased include:
Peregrine Falcon
– One of the most widespread falcons globally and the most commonly used in falconry.
– Known for its diving speed up to 200 mph when hunting.
– Price range around 30,000-80,000 rupees.
Saker Falcon
– A large, powerful falcon species with a fearsome reputation.
– Historical significance, used by royalty for hunting.
– Price range around 1-1.5 lakh rupees.
Lanner Falcon
– A smaller, slender falcon compared to Sakers.
– Named for its distinctive flight capabilities.
– Price range around 25,000-40,000 rupees.
Gyrfalcon
– The largest falcon species.
– Very quick and agile hunters with varied plumage.
– Price range 1-2 lakh rupees.
Merlin
– A small, compact falcon.
– Fierce hunters of small birds and mammals.
– Price range 15,000-25,000 rupees.
Kestrel
– Tiny, elegant falcons.
– Distinctive hunting technique of hovering in place.
– Price range 10,000-20,000 rupees.
The peregrine is likely the most accessible species for beginners. The rarer Arctic species like Gyrfalcons will be much more expensive. Be sure to research which species may suit your experience level and needs.
Housing Requirements
To properly care for a pet falcon, specialized housing is required:
– Mews – A sheltered, fully enclosed space like a converted shed or enclosure.
– Perches – Natural branch perches placed at varying heights for resting.
– Weathering Area – An outdoor area exposed to fresh air and sunlight.
– Bathing Water – A bath pan or tray with clean water for feather maintenance.
– Jesses & Leashes – Secure jesses help control and identify birds.
– Travel Crates – Sturdy boxes with perches for transporting falcons.
Proper ventilation, lighting, temperature control and cleanliness must be maintained. The facilities will be inspected prior to acquiring a license.
Given the complex needs of falcons, housing costs can be considerable. New mews can cost over 1 lakh rupees to construct. Consult experienced builders to ensure housing meets all regulations.
Falcon Care & Handling
Caring for a falcon takes dedication, time and learning specialized skills:
– Training – Patient, reward-based training helps socialize birds to their handlers.
– Exercise – Daily free flight exercise maintains health and bonded relationships.
– Enrichment – Keeping the bird mentally stimulated with new sights and toys.
– Giant Hoods – Mask-like hoods help keep falcons calm and relaxed.
– Quality Diet – A nutritious diet of whole prey animals like chicks and mice.
– Weight Management – Carefully monitoring a falcon’s weight ensures proper health.
– Veterinary Care – Wellness exams, vaccines and emergency medical services.
Don’t underestimate the commitment involved with properly caring for these complex birds! Preparedness saves money and distress down the road. Consider apprenticeship opportunities under experienced falconers.
Costs of Falcon Ownership
Factoring in all the costs, owning a falcon can be an expensive endeavor:
– Purchase Price – Depends on species but ranges from 10,000 to 2 lakh rupees.
– Housing – Construction costs for mews and weathering areas can reach over 1 lakh.
– Care & Feeding – Food, enrichment items and routine care averages 5,000-10,000 per month.
– Medical Care – Annual exams, vaccines and possible injuries or illnesses will incur fees.
– License Fees – State fees for ownership licenses, plus hunting licenses if applicable.
– Training & Handling Equipment – Jesses, leashes, gloves and hoods all add up in expenses.
Those interested should budget a minimum of 1-2 lakh rupees for first year start-up costs. Ongoing care and feeding will continuously cost thousands per month. The investment required is substantial.
Acquiring Proper Licenses and Permits
To legally purchase and own a falcon in India, licenses and permits must be obtained in the following steps:
1. Research state and national wildlife regulations and application processes.
2. Prepare detailed documentation on housing facilities and care experience.
3. Obtain Certificate of Ownership from Chief Wildlife Warden.
4. Receive facility inspection and approval.
5. Submit hunting license application if using for hunting.
6. Purchase captive-bred falcon from licensed source after all approvals secured.
7. Submit any reporting documentation on acquisition to complete the process.
8. Allow for periodic inspections after license issuance to remain compliant.
The licensing process ensures falcon populations stay protected while allowing for legal, regulated ownership by qualified applicants. Rushing through steps risks heavy fines and confiscation of birds.
Recommended Reading on Falconry
Before acquiring a falcon, immerse yourself in literature and connect with falconers to learn best practices:
– Understanding the Bird of Prey by Nick Fox
– Falconry and Art of Training Hawks by Emma Ford
– The Modern Apprentice by Steve Bodio
– Falcon Fever: A Falconer in the Twenty-First Century by Tim Gallagher
– Magazines like Falcons and Hawking
– Online communities of falconers like North American Falconers Association
Books provide in-depth reference while online groups allow you to ask specific questions to experienced falconers worldwide.
Is Falcon Ownership Right for You?
Before pursuing falcon ownership, reflect on these key points:
– Are you prepared to cover the substantial costs?
– Do you have the time to dedicate to specialized care?
– Does your lifestyle accommodate housing needs?
– Are you committed to lifelong learning and training?
– Will you utilize the falcon for hunting or just companionship?
– Does your state offer streamlined licensing processes?
– Have you thoroughly researched best handling practices?
If you have the budget, passion and discipline required, falconry can be an incredibly rewarding endeavor. Be honest about your abilities to provide this intelligent predator a high standard of lifetime care.
Conclusion
In summary, acquiring a pet falcon in India is legal with the proper permits but involves navigating substantial regulations. Budgeting for expenses, constructing suitable housing, and learning falconry skills take dedication. While a rewarding prospect for bird enthusiasts, the decision to purchase a falcon should not be taken lightly. Those who invest the time and resources to properly care for these regal birds of prey will find a thrilling lifelong companion.
