Keeping Pet Birds: A Complete Guide to Caring for Your Feathered Friend

Birds make wonderful pets for people of all ages.

Their beautiful colors and songs can brighten up any home. However, keeping a pet bird is a big commitment and responsibility. Proper care and attention are required to keep pet birds healthy and happy.

This complete guide covers everything you need to know about choosing, caring for, and living with a pet bird. Read on to learn about different types of birds, housing, food, safety, health, bonding with your bird, and more.

Choosing the Right Pet Bird

With so many different types of birds to choose from, it can be difficult to decide what kind of feathered friend is right for you. Here are some things to consider when picking a pet bird:

• Size – Birds range greatly in size from tiny parrotlets to large macaws. Make sure you have enough space for the bird’s enclosure.
• Noise Level – Some birds (like parrots and cockatoos) are very vocal. Be mindful of neighbors if you live in an apartment.
• Messiness – Birds naturally scatter food and droppings. Some species are cleaner than others.
• Attention Needs – Birds are very social. Be prepared to spend time interacting with your pet each day.
• Lifespan – Different birds live different lengths of time. Macaws can live 60+ years!
• Cost – In addition to the bird itself, you need to factor in costs for housing, toys, food, vet care, etc.

Doing thorough research on any species you are considering can help you find the right match. Some popular pet bird species include:

• Parakeets
• Cockatiels
• Conures
• Parrotlets
• Finches
• Canaries

When selecting your individual bird, look for signs of good health like bright eyes, sleek feathers, and active behavior. Avoid birds that seem lethargic, have ragged feathers, or discharge from the eyes or nostrils.

Housing Your Pet Bird

Your bird’s enclosure will be his or her main living space, so it’s important to choose the right housing.

There are several options to consider:

• Cages – The most common choice. Make sure the bar spacing is suitable for your species.
• Flight Cages – Extra large cages that allow room for flying.
• Aviaries – Large walk-in enclosures, often with multiple compartments.
• Indoor Bird Rooms – A dedicated room designed especially for free flight.
• Outdoor Aviaries – Outdoor screened-in spaces that allow natural light.

The size of the enclosure should allow your bird to fully spread his wings without touching the sides. Place the cage in a high-traffic area so your bird can be part of the family activities. Make sure the cage is not located near drafts, direct sunlight, or anything hazardous. Set up clean papers or cage liners on the bottom to catch droppings. Add perches, toys, food and water bowls, and any other accessories your bird needs.

Cleaning the cage regularly is essential. Scrape off droppings, disinfect perches/toys/bowls, and fully replace cage liners or papers as needed. A basic daily cleaning helps control germs and odors.

Allow your bird out-of-cage time each day to exercise and socialize. Always supervise free flight time to prevent any injuries or escaped birds. Use cords, curtains, or other barriers to protect hazardous areas like ceiling fans, hot ovens, or other dangers.

For more on letting birds fly freely, see this article: Should You Let Pet Birds Fly Freely in Your House?

Choosing the Right Food

Proper nutrition is vital for your bird’s health. Different species have different dietary needs.

Parrots

Parrots thrive on a pelleted diet made specially for parrots. Look for a complete, fortified pellet formula.

Supplement with small amounts of healthy table foods like unsweetened cooked grains, chopped veggies, sprouted seeds, nuts, and fruits. Parrots also need access to clean drinking water at all times.

Finches and Canaries

Finches and canaries typically eat a mixture of seeds designed for their species.

This should make up 60-80% of their diet. You can supplement with greens, fruits, sprouted seeds, veggies, hard boiled eggs, and other proteins. These birds also need a constant fresh water source.

All Birds

In addition to their main diet ingredients, all pet birds need:

• Calcium – Cuttlebones, mineral blocks, eggshells, and supplements provide calcium for strong bones.
• Foraging – Offer toys, treats, and foods that encourage natural foraging behaviors.
• Variety – Rotate different healthy foods to provide nutrition and mental stimulation.
• Moderation – Avoid excessive fats, sugars, salt, cholesterol, and other junk food.

Consult your avian vet on the best diet plan for your individual bird. Monitor your pet’s food intake and droppings daily to ensure he stays well-nourished.

Keeping Your Bird Safe

Birds are very vulnerable pets that need special care and attention to remain safe in our homes.

 

Here are some ways to protect your pet:

• Bird-proof any areas your bird has access to. Eliminate poisonous houseplants, chemicals, hot cookware, ceiling fans, or other hazards.
• Never leave your bird unattended out of his cage unless the room is 100% bird-proofed.
• Clip your bird’s wings or keep the cage secured so he can’t escape outdoors and become lost.
• Use harness and leash when taking small birds outside for fresh air and sunshine.
• Keep predators like cats, dogs, and wildlife away from your bird.
• Have an emergency plan in case of house fires, severe weather, or natural disasters.
• Know emergency contacts and avian vet offices that can help if your bird falls ill or becomes injured.

With proper precautions, you can create a safe environment for your feathered friend to thrive.

Keeping Your Bird Healthy

Preventive care is crucial for your bird’s wellbeing. Here are some tips for keeping your pet in peak health:

• Schedule annual exams with an avian vet to catch any issues early.
• Isolate and quarantine new birds before introducing them to your current bird to prevent disease spread.
• Clean the cage, food/water containers, and toys regularly to limit germs.
• Keep multiple food and water bowls in the cage to discourage cross-contamination.
• Watch for signs of illness like fluffed feathers, changes in droppings, loss of appetite, coughing, weakness, etc.
• Trim overgrown beaks and nails as needed for proper nutrition and movement.
• Provide plenty of safe, destructible wood toys for exercise and mental engagement.
• Let your bird spread wings and move freely every day.
• Maintain proper cage temperatures, humidity levels, and air circulation.

Address any emerging health issues quickly by consulting an avian vet. With attentive care, your pet bird can remain in great condition for many years.

Bonding With Your Pet Bird

Building a close bond with your bird is very rewarding. Here are some tips for getting your pet to trust you:

• Spend time near your bird’s cage talking, singing, or reading out loud to get him used to your presence.
• Hand feed your bird his favorite snacks and meals to form positive associations.
• Train your bird using positive reinforcement techniques like clicker training.
• Offer toys and activities that allow your bird to exercise natural behaviors.
• Get your bird accustomed to being gently touched while perching on your hand or finger.
• Avoid chasing your bird if he tries to get away as this can break trust.
• Respond calmly if your bird bites or acts aggressively to teach better behavior.
• Be patient and move slowly while taming and bonding with your pet.

With time and consistency, you can develop an incredible connection with your feathered companion!

Choosing Pet Birds for Kids

Birds can make wonderful pets for children if the species is appropriate and kids are taught proper care and handling. Some great options include:

• Budgies
• Cockatiels
• Lineolated Parakeets
• Canaries
• Zebra Finches

Avoid larger parrots that may become aggressive. Supervise all interactions between kids and birds. Teach children how to hold, pet, and handle birds gently. Be prepared to care for the bird yourself if your child loses interest.

Traveling with Pet Birds

Many pet birds can adapt well to travel if certain precautions are taken:

• Get a sturdy travel carrier designed for birds.
• Include familiar perches, toys, and bedding in the carrier.
• Offer food and water in spill-proof bowls attached to the carrier.
• Place a blanket partially over the carrier to provide security.
• Pack medications, first aid kit, important documents, and other essentials.
• Regularly let your bird out of the carrier in safe environments.
• Keep the carrier in climate-controlled conditions whenever possible.
• Avoid loud noises, strong vibrations, noxious fumes, and stress during travel.
• Reinforce training for step-up and recall commands to make handling easier.

Test runs in the car and short trips can help prepare your bird for longer travel. Always provide lots of TLC during and after journeys.

Signs Your Pet Bird is Happy

When pet birds are content, they display some telltale signs. Happy behaviors include:

• Singing, chirping, talking
• Beak-grinding
• Feather-fluffing
• Preening
• Playing with toys
• Trying new foods
• Foraging
• Bath time splashing
• Interacting with owners
• Perching closer to other birds or family members
• Hopping/flying around energetically
• Good appetite

Look for these behaviors to know your pet feels safe and content in your home.

Signs of Stress in Pet Birds

Notice these common indicators of stress or distress in pet birds:

• Aggression
• Excessive screaming
• Feather plucking
• Loss of appetite
• Fluffed, trembling feathers
• Bobbing head
• Crouching on cage floor
• Changes in droppings
• Lethargy
• Tucked up feathers
• Avoiding interaction

Minimize stress by keeping your bird on a predictable routine, meeting all care needs, troubleshooting environmental issues, and providing plenty of bonding time. Consult an avian vet if signs of stress persist.

Common Pet Bird Health Issues

While birds can remain healthy for decades with proper care, they are susceptible to some recurrent medical concerns. Familiarize yourself with these common health issues:

• Respiratory infections – Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections of the air sacs and lungs. Signs include discharge, difficulty breathing, tail bobbing.
• Gastrointestinal issues – Parasites, bacterial infections, foreign objects, or dietary changes can cause gastrointestinal upset. Watch for changes in droppings.
• Psittacosis – Also called parrot fever, this bacterial disease causes flu-like symptoms. Highly contagious to other birds and humans.
• Aspergillosis – Fungal infection often occurring in the trachea and air sacs. Can be fatal if untreated.
• Feather destructive behavior – Plucking feathers due to medical issues, stress, boredom, or other problems.
• Egg binding – Serious condition in which a female bird can’t pass an egg. Requires immediate veterinary care.
• Calcium deficiency – Without enough calcium birds develop brittle bones and other health issues. Provide calcium supplements.
• Obesity – Overweight birds are prone to liver and heart disease. Follow vet diet guidelines.

Schedule checkups with an avian vet at least annually to detect and resolve any health conditions early.

Choosing an Avian Vet

Having an avian vet is crucial for providing specialized care for your pet bird. When selecting a vet, look for the following:

• Specialized training and extensive experience treating birds.
• Offers a wide range of services like exams, testing, surgeries, grooming, boarding.
• Separate waiting areas for birds and other animals to prevent disease spread.
• Clean, sterile facilities and equipment.
• Staff members who are knowledgeable about birds.
• Great reputation based on client reviews and referrals.
• Provides emergency or after-hours care.

Schedule a meet-and-greet appointment to get a feel for the vet’s bedside manner and expertise. Having an avian vet you trust will give you peace of mind as a bird owner.

Cost Considerations of Pet Birds

While pet birds can be relatively inexpensive to acquire initially, their overall expenses add up over time. Budget for these costs:

• Purchase price – Depending on the breed, initial cost can range from $15 – $2,500+.
• Cage – A quality cage sized for your bird costs $80 – $600.
• Toys – $10 – $30 per month for new toys to prevent boredom.
• Perches – Natural wood perches need replacing every 1-2 years.
• Food – Approximately $20 – $50 per month depending on diet.
• Treats – Healthy treats average $10 – $20 monthly.
• Vet visits – Annual exams average $50 – $100.
• Emergency care – Unexpected illnesses or injuries can easily exceed $1,000.

Pet birds live a long time, so you must be able to commit to costs over decades. Exotic pet insurance can offset some expenses.

Choosing Pet Bird Supplies

Stock up on these essential supplies to care for your feathered friend:

• Cage – Get the largest size suitable for your bird’s needs.
• Varied perches – Natural wood, rope, concrete, and platform perches.
• Food bowls – Heavy bowls that attach to the cage.
• Water bowls – Bowls with springs to limit mess.
• Toys – Shreddable, chewable toys for mental stimulation.
• Grit – Supports digestion but not needed for all birds.
• Treats – Healthy snacks for training and bonding.
• Grooming supplies – Nail clippers, styptic powder, millet spray.
• Dishes – Heavy ceramic food dishes for out-of-cage time.
• Play gym – Safe play space when bird is loose.

Shop at specialty pet stores or online bird supply retailers to find the highest-quality accessories.

Preparing Your Home for a Pet Bird

Getting your house ready for your new family member takes some preparation:

• Bird-proof any area your pet will access – cover hazards, block off balconies, install screen guards over vents and fans.
• Place cage in a quiet, draft-free area away from direct sunlight.
• Clear cabinet space for storing bird food and other supplies.
• Set up bird play gyms in designated bird-safe rooms.
• Install perches, swings, and toys around the cage.
• Hang curtains or barriers to stop the bird from flying into unsafe areas.
• Get a HEPA air purifier to capture dander, dust, and feather particles.
• Cover carpets, furniture, and surfaces with sheets to simplify cleaning.
• Examine houseplants and remove any that are toxic for birds.

With some preparation, you can make your home safe and comfortable for your new family member.

Activities for Pet Birds

Make sure your pet bird has plenty of engaging activities:

• Rotate a variety of bird-safe, destructive toys to prevent boredom.
• Offer foraging opportunities by hiding treats in cardboard tubes, wicker balls, etc.
• Providebird-safe branches, swings, ladders, and platforms for climbing and exploring.
• Set up play dates with other birds if they get along.
• Train your bird to do fun tricks using positive reinforcement.
• Use clicker training to teach verbal commands, tricks, and good behaviors.
• Offer puzzle toys that require your bird to problem solve.
• Provide nesting boxes or tubes for shredding.
• Allow supervised outdoor time in suitable weather.

Rotate new toys and activities weekly to prevent boredom-related behavior issues.

Socializing Your Pet Bird

Companionship is key to a bird’s wellbeing. Here are some tips for socializing your pet:

• Spend at least 1-2 hours per day interacting directly with your bird by talking, training, or handling.
• Keep the cage in a high-traffic living area so your bird can be part of family activities.
• Arrange play dates with well-matched bird friends if possible.
• Consider getting a second bird to provide companionship if you work long hours away from home.
• Gently introduce new people so your bird becomes comfortable around guests.
• Book time at birdie daycare if you travel frequently.
• Never completely isolate your bird alone in a dark, quiet room.

With plenty of friendship and stimulation, your pet bird will thrive!

Deciding Where to Adopt or Purchase a Bird

Finding the right source for your new feathered friend is key. You can adopt or buy a pet bird from:

• Breeders – Reputable breeders offer healthy, hand-raised baby birds.
• Pet Stores – Large chain pet stores sell birds, but go to trusted retailers.
• Bird Rescues – Adopt from shelters or rescues to give an abandoned bird a new home.
• Avian Sanctuaries – Take in unwanted pet birds and adopt them out.
• Online Listings – Use caution if adopting from individuals online.
• Veterinarians – Some vets coordinate adoptions of unwanted pets.

Wherever you acquire your bird, closely inspect health and quarantine before bringing home.

Caring for Older Pet Birds

As birds age, they require some specialized care:

• Feed soft foods if your bird has trouble chewing hard items.
• Use shallow, easy-access food and water dishes.
• Provide cage ladders and ramps for easier mobility.
• Trim overgrown beaks and nails more frequently.
• Clean nostrils if mucus accumulates.
• Keep environment warm enough for arthritic birds.
• Limit fruits and sugars to prevent liver/kidney issues.
• Schedule more frequent vet checkups to monitor health issues.
• Give baths if preening becomes difficult.
• Continue regular socialization and mental stimulation.

With attentive, senior-friendly care your bird can live happily well into his senior years.

Saying Goodbye to a Pet Bird

Unfortunately, beloved pet birds don’t live forever. Making the decision for humane euthanasia is never easy. Consider it when:

• Your bird has untreatable illness, chronic pain, disability, or poor quality of life.
• Treatment is excessively stressful or expensive with a poor prognosis.
• Your bird stops eating, drinking, or shows no interest in life.
• Your vet advises nothing more can reasonably be done medically.

Allow family members to say goodbye. Choose in-home euthanasia whenever possible so your bird’s final moments are calm and comfortable in familiar surroundings. Take solace knowing you provided the best possible life to your cherished companion.

The Joys of Pet Bird Companionship

Birds bring immense joy, fun, and love into our lives when properly cared for. Their bright plumage and cheerful chirps animate any home.

With time, patience, and tender care you can form an incredible bond with your avian companion. By understanding their complex needs and following the expert advice in this guide, you can help your pet bird live his very best life!

For more on whether birds enjoy living as pets, check out this article: Do Birds Like Being Kept as Pets?

Bird-Proofing Your Home

Making your home safer for pet birds involves some bird-proofing. Here are some tips:

• Use cord covers and conceal electrical wires so birds don’t chew.
• Install window screen guards to prevent crashes into glass.
• Keep toilet lids closed to prevent drowning.
• Use child locks on cabinets that contain harmful items.
• Remove nonstick cookware and appliances which release fumes.
• Put away medications, chemicals, and toxins.
• Clean with natural cleaning products when possible.
• Grow only bird-safe houseplants or keep plants out of reach.
• Keep ceiling fans turned off when birds are out.
• Trim loose drapery strings, ribbons, blind cords.

Scan at bird level regularly to identify and fix any developing hazards before they cause an accident.

Emergency Preparedness for Pet Birds

Make an emergency plan to protect your pet bird during disasters:

• Have a designated emergency carrier or evacuation cage ready.
• Know where to shelter or evacuate with your bird if needed.
• Keep an emergency contact list for your avian vet, local shelters, etc.
• Pack extra food, water, supplies, and any medications your bird needs.
• Microchip your bird for ID if lost.
• Take first aid kit and styptic powder in case of injury.
• Print out medical records, leg bands, and proof of ownership.
• Include emergency numbers for poison control, animal rescue, etc.
• Prepare info sheets with diet, medical needs, behavior tips, etc. to help caregivers.

Be ready to care for your bird during any emergency situation.

Choosing Bird Cage Accessories

Deck out your bird’s cage with useful accessories for comfort and enrichment:

• Varied natural and plastic perches
• Platform perches for resting
• Swings, ladders, and climbing toys
• Shreddable toys made of wood, paper, cork
• Plastic bird-safe mirrors
• Treat holders and foraging toys
• Calcium supplements like mineral blocks and cuttlebones
• Dishes and bowls designed to attach to cage
• Water bottle and bowl to prevent messes
• Cage hammock or pouch for sleeping

Rotate new toys frequently to keep things interesting. Clean and sanitize accessories regularly.

Entertaining Multiple Pet Birds

Keeping multiple birds enriches the flock. Here are some tips for entertaining:

• Introduce new birds slowly and house separately at first.
• Provide duplicate food bowls, perches, etc. to prevent squabbles.
• Arrange cages so birds are side-by-side versus facing.
• Give each bird individual play time and attention.
• Supervise play dates outside cages to ensure safe interactions.
• Offer joint activities like foraging for everyone to enjoy.
• Add extra toys and interactions when birds are in molting phase.
• Discourage resource guarding behavior right away if noticed.
• Separate any aggressive, stressed, or incompatible birds.

With multiple birds, you’ll need to work harder to meet each one’s social and mental needs.

Photographing Your Pet Bird

Capture adorable photos of your feathered friend:

• Use natural lighting near windows or outside.
• Choose a clean background free of clutter.
• Adjust camera settings for fast shutter speed with moving birds.
• Shoot at bird’s eye level whenever possible.
• Use toys, props, or treats to grab your bird’s attention.
• Take candid shots when bird is active and expressing natural behaviors.
• Include human family members for fun flock photos.
• Avoid using flash directly on your bird’s eyes.
• Snap lots of shots in burst mode then edit favorites.

With some patience, you can get beautiful photos highlighting your pet’s personality!

Owning a pet bird is a big but rewarding commitment. From selection and housing to diet, healthcare, bonding, and beyond, provide everything needed to help your feathered companion thrive.

With the proper knowledge, preparation and care, you and your bird can enjoy many happy years together!